A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 126

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 261

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 193

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 278

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_database_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_database_driver.php

Line Number: 306

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 281

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_cookie_params(): Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 293

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 303

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 313

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: ini_set(): Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_set_save_handler(): Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 107

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 140

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 304
Function: _ci_init_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 189
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: ltrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 640

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 225
Function: ruri_string

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($search) of type array|string is deprecated

Filename: hooks/App_hooks.php

Line Number: 225

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 225
Function: str_replace

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($search) of type array|string is deprecated

Filename: MX/Controller.php

Line Number: 45

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/third_party/MX/Controller.php
Line: 45
Function: str_replace

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 39
Function: __construct

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 42
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $view declared before required parameter $output is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: libraries/Template.php

Line Number: 658

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 42
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $data declared before required parameter $output is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: libraries/Template.php

Line Number: 0

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 42
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $override declared before required parameter $output is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: libraries/Template.php

Line Number: 0

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 42
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $is_themed declared before required parameter $output is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: libraries/Template.php

Line Number: 0

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 42
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 43
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Optional parameter $files declared before required parameter $fileName is implicitly treated as a required parameter

Filename: libraries/Assets.php

Line Number: 984

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 105
Function: _ci_load_library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 43
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 45
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 47
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 53
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 127
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: ltrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 640

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 162
Function: ruri_string

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($search) of type array|string is deprecated

Filename: hooks/App_hooks.php

Line Number: 162

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/hooks/App_hooks.php
Line: 162
Function: str_replace

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 736
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 884
Function: themeView

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/themes/acp3/frontlayout.php
Line: 1
Function: theme_view

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 351
Function: include

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 827
Function: _ci_load

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 677
Function: find_file

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 212
Function: load_view

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 373
Function: render

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

Anti Corruption Portal

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 736
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 884
Function: themeView

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/themes/acp3/frontlayout.php
Line: 18
Function: theme_view

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 351
Function: include

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 827
Function: _ci_load

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 677
Function: find_file

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 212
Function: load_view

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 373
Function: render

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: strtolower(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated

Filename: core/BF_Loader.php

Line Number: 92

Backtrace:

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/core/BF_Loader.php
Line: 92
Function: strtolower

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 736
Function: library

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 884
Function: themeView

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/themes/acp3/frontlayout.php
Line: 23
Function: theme_view

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/third_party/MX/Loader.php
Line: 351
Function: include

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 827
Function: _ci_load

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 677
Function: find_file

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/bonfire/libraries/Template.php
Line: 212
Function: load_view

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/application/controllers/Publications.php
Line: 373
Function: render

File: /home/www/puac.yaraduafoundation.org/index.php
Line: 314
Function: require_once

...working together to enhance transparency and report corruption in the administration of public projects

Corruption Reporting in the Eyes of the Suffering Masses in Nigeria

Standpoint Media Nigeria Limited | 13 March, 2020


So, what are members of the suffering masses saying in respect of the very scanty reflection of their views in corruption reporting by the media? It is considered a big question to be answered by them because who gets to speak is also about who gets to decide what is done about corruption. Hence the paradox if those who most suffer the effects of corruption exercise little or no discursive power over its elimination, going by what Prof Sam Oyovbaire revealed in the lecture we have already referenced. Oyovbaire’s point has been aggravated by the hostility of the power elite to the little leverage the social media has given to ordinary people in terms of voice. All manner of laws are being cooked up to block such openings in the name of fighting ‘fake news’, ‘hate speeches’ and similar stuff.  This report is, therefore, at the heart of the strategy of amplifying ‘voices from below’. So, it is important asking the question of what the masses say on what do about systematic exclusion from corruption reporting, its impact and how it might be corrected? 
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